The retail and FMCG market in Russia is undergoing a phase of structural transformation. The key drivers of change are shifting consumer behavior, the restructuring of supply chains, and the rapid growth of e-commerce. Import substitution and the rising share of private labels (PLs) against a backdrop of intensifying competition are shaping a new industry landscape. The modern business operating model is based on: optimizing supply chains and costs; implementing omnichannel strategies (combining traditional retail and online platforms); building long-term relationships with partners; and managing customer loyalty. Businesses face the need to respond quickly to regulatory challenges: adapting to mandatory product labeling, complying with antitrust laws, and ensuring the protection of intellectual property.